A New Theranostic System Based on Gd2O3 NPs coated Polycyclodextrin Functionalized Glucose for Molecular Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MMRI).

Introduction: Recent advances in nanoscience and biomedicine have attracted tremendous attention over the past decade to design and construct multifunctional nanoparticles that combine targeting, therapeutic, and diagnostic functions with a single platform to overcome the problems of conventional techniques for diagnosis and therapy with minimal toxicity.   Materials and Methods: In this essay, we examine the potential advantages of gadolinium oxide nanoparticles (Gd2O3 NPs) as a positive contrast agent in MRI coated with β- cyclodextrin (CD)-based polyester and targeted by Glucose (Glu) as platform nanocomplex for theranostics. Doxorubicin (DOX) was loaded into this nanocarrire (Gd2O3@PCD-Glu) and their properties including loading efficiency and capacity were investigated. The toxicity was evaluated by MTT and hemolysis assay was employed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the nanocomplexe against normal and cancerous cells and human red blood cells (HRBCs)   Results: A prolonged release of DOX from nanocomplexe was observed. The DOX release revealed a pH-sensitive mechanism. This drug delivery system showed more toxicity against cancer cells in compare to normal ones. The results of in vitro magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed that this nanocarrier could be used as a positive contrast agent in MRI. The relaxivity of Gd2O3@PCD-Glu was more than Gd2O3, and Dotarem in the presence of MDA- MB-231 as glucose receptor-positive cells under T1-weighted imaging mode showing the great effect targeted delivery. The in vivo analysis indicated that the contrast to noise ratio (CNR) of tumor in mice increased after injection of Gd2O3@PCD-Glucose up to 6.98±0.97 under T1-weighted imaging mode and gradually reduced to 6.46±1.3 after 1h respectively. While, CNR increased up to 5.81±1.3 after injection of Dotarem and reduced sharply down to 2.3±1.11 within 1h. Conclusion: The results indicate the potential of Gd2O3@PCD-Glu to serve as a novel nano-targeted theranostics contrast agent in Molecular Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MMRI).